What is the working principle of rotary wing drone flight? Colorful Airlines

Drones and helicopters both fly by rotors, but rotors have essential differences. Drone rotors generate upward power through rotation, especially multi rotor drones, which generate upward power through the rotation of motors. For example, a quadcopter drone can hover in the air when the sum of the lift of its four propellers is equal to the total weight of the aircraft, and the lift of the drone is balanced with its weight. The helicopter rotor is composed of several blades. When rotating, it will push the air to generate airflow. Rising or falling depends on adjusting the angle of attack of the rotor, not the rotor speed. When the angle of attack of the rotor increases, the airflow velocity pushed down by the rotor also increases, and the rotor will also experience greater reaction force.

The rotor of a drone is used to move forward and stop, and the relativity of force refers to the fact that when the rotor pushes air, the air will push the rotor in the opposite direction. This is the basic principle of unmanned aerial vehicles being able to move up and down. In addition, the faster the rotor rotates, the greater the lift. In order to turn the drone to the right, it is necessary to reduce the angular velocity of rotor 1. However, although the lack of thrust from rotor 1 can change the direction of motion of the drone, at the same time, the upward force is not equal to the downward gravity, so no one can descend. Drones nowadays can do three things: hover, climb, and descend. When hovering, the thrust generated by the four rotors of the drone is equal to the downward gravity. The climbing technology of drones involves increasing the thrust of four rotors to generate an upward force greater than gravity. After completing this action, the thrust of the drone can be relatively reduced, but in order to maintain upward flight, it is still necessary to ensure that the upward force is greater than the downward force. On the contrary, it is necessary to reduce the thrust speed of the rotor and exert a downward force.

The angle of attack control of helicopter rotors is achieved through a device called a tilter, consisting of two tightly fitted circular rings. The upper plate rotates with the helicopter rotor and is connected to the rotor through a hinge device. The lower ring does not rotate, but can move up and down or tilt, adjusted by several push-pull rods. When the helicopter pilot needs to ascend, adjusting the push-pull rod will push the two discs downwards, and the hinge device connected to the rotor will increase the angle of attack of the rotor, thereby generating greater lift. On the contrary, when the helicopter pilot needs to descend, he will push both disks upwards, and the hinge device connecting the rotors will reduce the angle of attack of the rotors, resulting in a decrease in the lift generated by the rotors and causing the helicopter to descend. Through the tilter, the helicopter can not only generate upward lift but also downward thrust. When the push-pull rod pushes the two disks to the top, the helicopter rotor creates a dihedral angle. The force generated in this way is upward thrust. At this point, the helicopter will accelerate and descend. If the thrust is sufficient, the helicopter can fly backwards. This type of control for helicopters is called 'total torque control'.